Effect of multifactors interaction on competitive adsorption of Zn<Superscript>2+</Superscript> and Cd<Superscript>2+</Superscript> by response surface methodology

The problem associated with multi-metals contaminated soils has generated increasingly more attention. Thus, it is necessary within the field to study the mutual influence of environmental factors on competitive adsorption. The majority of studies carried out to date have concentrated on the variation of adsorption capacity or the removal efficiency, with only a single factor changed (including pH, ionic strength, and metal concentration). However, the interaction effect among various environmental factors was ignored in these studies. The purpose of this study was mainly aimed toward the investigation of the interaction of two influential factors, as well as the influential degree of each factor (such as the initial pH, ionic strength, initial metal concentration, and the competitive metal concentration) on competitive adsorption using the response surface method. These results demonstrated that the influential degree of each factor studied on the competitive adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ followed the trend of having the initial concentration of the target metal?>?initial pH?>?concentration of competitive metal?>?ionic strength. When the metal concentration was held constant, we found that the competitive adsorption of Zn²⁺ initially increased, followed by a decrease with increasing initial pH. However, this was found to change minimally with increasing ionic strength. When the initial pH or ionic strength was held constant, the competitive ability was observed to increase with increasing Zn²⁺ concentration. However, with increasing Zn²⁺ or Cd²⁺ concentrations, the variation degree of the competitive adsorption was found to become smaller. These results provide novel information toward a better understanding of the effect of multifactors on the competitive adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺.     

Frontiers in geoscience: A tribute to Prof. Xuanxue Mo-Preface

正1.Introduction In response to the proposal by the Earth Science community of China,we are delighted to organize this special issue of Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)in honor of the work by Xuanxue Mo,Professor of Petrology and Geochemistry of China University of Geosciences(Beijing)and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,as a tribute to him on his 80th birthday.In his over 50 years of profes-     

鄂西早三叠世南漳-远安动物群地层分布特征

在区域地质调查的基础上,以远安张家湾嘉陵江组剖面为重点,通过对南漳和远安交界地区下三叠统嘉陵江组剖面测制和多处化石点考察,重新厘定研究区内嘉陵江组岩性特征.认为研究区内的嘉陵江组划分为3个岩性段更为合理,产南漳-远安动物群的纹层状灰岩段位于二段顶部.通过系统化石发掘和张家湾剖面详细描述,初步查明了南漳-远安动物群的垂向分布特征:在30余米厚的纹层状灰岩段中均有海生爬行动物产出,只是丰度和分异度存在一定差异,其中7组岩层相对富集,顶部最为丰富.在此基础上,通过地层对比和所有化石点综合分析,将动物群自北东向南西划分为A~D 4个区带,依次命名为绝缘区、边缘区、相对富集区和富集区,分别对应化石从无到有、丰度逐渐变化及水深逐渐加深的过程,总体上仍处于水体循环受限的台内洼地或潟湖相环境.此次查明动物群的分布特征将为研究动物群生物与环境协同演化及其对早三叠世生物复苏的响应奠定良好的基础.      

造山带板内洋岛-海山残片的识别及地质意义

板内洋岛-海山残片是造山带“洋壳残片”的重要组成部分,对恢复造山带所代表的古洋盆的构造演化具有重要意义.然而,如何在造山带中识别板内洋岛-海山残片并通过其恢复古洋盆的构造演化等问题并不清楚.在综述现今板内洋岛-海山的岩石层序、岩浆岩类型、地球化学和同位素特征等的基础上,结合对青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带数个板内洋岛-海山残片研究的成果,初步总结了造山带板内洋岛-海山残片的识别标志及其地质意义、时代的确定方法等基础地质问题.板内洋岛-海山记录了丰富的洋盆演化信息,且是大洋俯冲消亡时最易保存的地质体.因此,在古洋盆构造演化的恢复中,对造山带板内洋岛-海山残片的研究至关重要.      

实测数据揭示海底地震仪上浮速率与出水点规律

使用海底地震仪（OBS）对极地浮冰区进行探测时,存在上浮的OBS被浮冰遮挡而难以发现和回收等困难,为提高两极浮冰区海底地震探测效率,亟需对OBS上浮出水时间和位置进行较为准确地预测.本研究以2019年南海OBS观测、2020年西太平洋OBS探测以及2011年南海东部次海盆三维OBS探测现场作业的实测距离和位置信息等数据为基础,分析了OBS上浮速率、投放点和出水点的特征,开展了OBS在水中下沉和上浮的运动过程研究,总结了OBS出水点的分布规律.结果表明:（1）在垂直方向上,OBS上浮速率近似匀速,可用平均速率代替,进而可精确计算上浮出水时间;（2）OBS在海底的位置与投放位置的偏移距随机分布,这表明投放点水深与重定位偏移距离无明显线性相关性;（3）OBS上浮出水点与投放点有重合的趋势,两者距离在300 m以内的概率大于31%,两者距离在500 m以内的概率大于59%.      

陆相盆地浅水背景河湖交互特征及其模式

通过对现代鄱阳湖盆中沉积体系发育与湖盆季节性湖岸线迁移变化耦合关系研究,结合对新近纪馆陶组时期渤海湾盆地渤东地区沉积岩性、沉积序列及沉积构造等解剖,提出陆相湖盆浅水背景河湖交互沉积模式.基于对浅水湖盆鄱阳湖随季节更替引起的湖平面变化分析,识别出洪-平-枯水线,划分河控主体区（A区）、河湖交互区（B区）和湖泊主体区（C区）3个沉积单元.其中,A区发育河道砂,骨架水系特征明显;B区发育朵状砂,水体分隔作用强烈;C区发育湖泥和席状砂,存在多个分隔的沉积中心.基于所建立的河湖交互沉积模式,在渤东地区新近纪馆陶组浅水背景古湖盆进行实践应用,有效分析了研究区河湖交互单元划分和沉积特征.浅水背景河湖交互沉积模式的建立,对陆相坳陷盆地、克拉通盆地、断陷盆地缓坡带、断坳转换期等类似浅水湖盆背景沉积体系类型识别、砂体预测具有一定参考和指导价值.      

吕梁山——华北克拉通中部中生代基底卷入褶皱系统

位于华北克拉通中部的吕梁山的形成代表了华北克拉通在晚侏罗世-早白垩世的挤压变形事件,为了更好地理解该期变形的样式、时代、机制和背景,对吕梁山地区开展了详细的野外调查,同时搜集了前人的低温热年代学工作.结果表明,吕梁山是一个中生代期间形成的发育有典型单褶（monocline）构造的陆内基底卷入型大型褶皱系统.早前寒武纪造山作用在基底中形成早期面理（片麻理、片理、劈理以及节理）,这些面理在后期近东西向挤压作用下再次活动形成了基底断裂,并导致了上覆沉积地层褶皱变形,吕梁山不同地区褶皱的古应力场方向总体为SE（122°）~NW（302°）.吕梁山单褶构造的构造样式、形成机制以及分布,与北美西部的Laramide造山带中的厚皮构造相似,形成的构造环境也类似.吕梁山褶皱及其单褶构造总体形成于晚侏罗世期间古太平洋板块向西低角度俯冲的环境中,该期俯冲也导致了华北克拉通同期陆内挤压变形.      

东海盆地丽水凹陷CO2分布特征及成藏主控因素

基于丽水凹陷钻井和地震资料,综合天然气地球化学参数、基底断裂和岩浆底辟发育特征等,研究丽水凹陷CO₂的分布特征及其成藏主控因素.研究结果表明,丽水凹陷CO₂纵向上主要分布在灵峰组、明月峰组下段及元古界基底片麻岩中,不同层位CO₂的含量差别很大;平面上,温州13-1、丽水35-7和南平5-2 CO₂气藏均位于岩浆底辟体之上或者附近,同时周围亦发育断层,而丽水36-1高含CO₂气藏和LF-1井含CO₂气藏周围底辟不发育,均紧邻灵峰凸起西侧的控洼断裂.丽水凹陷幔源CO₂成藏主要受早中新世和晚中新世两期火山岩浆活动的影响,这两期火山活动将幔源CO₂带到地壳浅层,通过砂体侧向输导进入有利圈闭聚集成藏.